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The effect of H 2 O on viscosity of silicate melts is now known. Most granitic melts are expected to have viscosities between 10 8 and 10 5 poises at temperatures at or above the liquidus. At temperatures down to 100 degrees C or more below the liquidus, melts are expected to behave virtually as Newtonian fluids. Hydrostatic pressure to at least 7 kb has little effect on fluidity. Suspended crystals or gas bubbles increase viscosity by less than an order of magnitude. Forced convection can result in virtually instantaneous formation of dikes. Natural convection must be reckoned with in any large granitic pluton; it is possible in a stock less than 100 m in diameter connected to an underlying magma reservoir.
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